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Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Image Captioning With Embedding Reward

CVPR 2017 · Reinforcement learning › Visual and representation RL · approach: Robust visual encoders for RL · 314 citations (OpenAlex)

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Measured effects reported in the paper

What was changedWhereMeasuredEffect
use policy and value networks with embedding-driven actor-critic training and lookahead inferenceimage captioning · MS COCOCIDEr: 0.872 -> 0.937Helped
add image-sentence embedding to rank final candidates (ablation)SL image captioning · MS COCOCIDEr: 0.872 -> 0.888Helped
add pretrained raw value network and lookahead inference (ablation)SL image captioning · MS COCOCIDEr: 0.872 -> 0.916Helped
add embedding-driven actor-critic reinforcement learning after SL-RawVN (ablation)SL-RawVN · MS COCOCIDEr: 0.916 -> 0.937Helped
use policy hidden state as value-network input instead of independent raw image and sentence inputs (ablation)Full-model · MS COCOCIDEr: 0.937 -> 0.69Hurt
use policy hidden state and policy image feature as value-network input instead of independent raw inputs (ablation)Full-model · MS COCOCIDEr: 0.937 -> 0.701Hurt
combine policy and value guidance with λ=0.4 rather than only value guidance (λ=0) (ablation)lookahead inference · MS COCOCIDEr: 0.8 -> 0.937Helped
combine policy and value guidance with λ=0.4 rather than only policy guidance (λ=1) (ablation)lookahead inference · MS COCOCIDEr: 0.879 -> 0.937Helped
increase beam size from 5 to 100 (ablation)SL beam-search baseline · MS COCOCIDEr: 0.876 -> 0.849Hurt
increase beam size from 5 to 100 (ablation)lookahead inference · MS COCOCIDEr: 0.934 -> 0.92No clear effect

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