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Proxy Synthesis: Learning with Synthetic Classes for Deep Metric Learning

AAAI 2021 · Label-efficient and robust learning › Zero-/few-shot and meta-learning · approach: Zero-shot robustness and transfer · 34 citations (OpenAlex)

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Measured effects reported in the paper

What was changedWhereMeasuredEffect
Add Proxy Synthesis to Proxy-anchorProxy-anchor · CUB200, conventional evaluationRecall@1: 68.4 -> 69.2Helped
Add Proxy Synthesis to Proxy-anchorProxy-anchor · CARS196, conventional evaluationRecall@1: 86.1 -> 86.9Helped
Add Proxy Synthesis to Proxy-anchorProxy-anchor · SOP, conventional evaluationRecall@1: 79.1 -> 79.8Helped
Add Proxy Synthesis to Proxy-anchorProxy-anchor · In-Shop, conventional evaluationRecall@1: 91.5 -> 91.9Helped
Use only synthetic embeddings and proxies, excluding originals (ablation)Norm-softmax · CARS196Recall@1: 83.3 -> 83.1Hurt
Add synthetic proxies while retaining original embeddings and proxies (ablation)Norm-softmax · CARS196Recall@1: 83.3 -> 83.7Helped
Use synthetic embeddings with original and synthetic proxies (ablation)Norm-softmax · CARS196Recall@1: 83.3 -> 83.7Helped
Use original and synthetic embeddings and proxies together (ablation)Norm-softmax · CARS196Recall@1: 83.3 -> 84.7Helped
Set static interpolation coefficient λ to 0.2 rather than 0.1 (ablation)Proxy Synthesis + Norm-softmax · CARS196Recall@1: 83.1 -> 83.8Helped
Use stochastic interpolation with α=0.4 rather than static λ=0.2 (ablation)Proxy Synthesis + Norm-softmax · CARS196Recall@1: 83.8 -> 84.7Helped
Set stochastic interpolation parameter α to 0.4 rather than 0.2 (ablation)Proxy Synthesis + Norm-softmax · CARS196Recall@1: 84.0 -> 84.7Helped
Add Proxy Synthesis to Norm-softmaxNorm-softmax · CARS196, input deformationRecall@1: 75.3 -> 77.0; 59.7 -> 62.2; 64.3 -> 65.6; 78.3 -> 80.0; 70.8 -> 72.1; 70.3 -> 72.0; 65.1 -> 67.2; 74.4 -> 76.3Helped

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