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Exploring Normalization in Deep Residual Networks with Concatenated Rectified Linear Units

AAAI 2017 · Architectures and efficiency › RNNs and normalization · approach: Batch normalization improvements · 36 citations (OpenAlex)

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Measured effects reported in the paper

What was changedWhereMeasuredEffect
replace ReLU with CReLU in BatchNorm ResNet (ablation)ResNet-110 · CIFAR-10test error: 6.35 -> 5.72Helped
replace ReLU with CReLU in BatchNorm ResNet (ablation)ResNet-110 · CIFAR-100test error: 27.46 -> 25.89Helped
replace ReLU with CReLU in BatchNorm ResNet (ablation)ResNet-50 · ImageNettop-1 error: 24.01 -> 23.03Helped
replace ReLU with CReLU at similar parameter count (ablation)BatchNorm ResNet · CIFAR-10test error: 6.35 -> 5.87Helped
add BatchNorm to plain ReLU ResNet (ablation)ResNet-110 · CIFAR-100test error: 36.10 -> 27.46Helped
naive NormProp instead of BatchNorm (ablation)ResNet-110 ReLU · CIFAR-100test error: 27.46 -> 37.60Hurt
remove constant affine terms from NormProp (NormProp2) (ablation)ResNet-110 ReLU · CIFAR-100test error: 37.60 -> 31.71Helped
replace ReLU with CReLU in NormProp2 ResNet (ablation)ResNet-110 · CIFAR-100test error: 31.71 -> 29.29Helped
fix gamma (NormProp3) over NormProp2 with CReLU (ablation)ResNet-34 · ImageNettop-1 error: 29.31 -> 28.28Helped
add bias to plain ResNet (ablation)ReLU vs CReLU · CIFAR-10test error: 12.16 -> 7.78 (ReLU); 7.17 -> 6.86 (CReLU)Mixed
double the number of filters in BatchNorm ReLU ResNet (ablation)ResNet-110 · CIFAR-100test error: 27.46 -> 27.33No clear effect
NormProp variants instead of BatchNorm (ablation)ResNet-50 CReLU · ImageNettop-1 error: 23.03 -> 26.12Hurt

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