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Projection Convolutional Neural Networks for 1-bit CNNs via Discrete Back Propagation

AAAI 2019 · Architectures and efficiency › CNN design · approach: Filter design and trained-filter analysis · 102 citations (OpenAlex)

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Measured effects reported in the paper

What was changedWhereMeasuredEffect
Increase the number of projections from J=1 to J=4 (ablation)PCNN with WRN-22, i=16 · CIFAR-10accuracy: 89.17 -> 92.79Helped
Increase the number of projections from J=1 to J=4 (ablation)PCNN with WRN-22, i=16 · CIFAR-100accuracy: 62.66 -> 70.09Helped
Increase the number of projections from J=1 to J=4 (ablation)PCNN with WRN-22, i=64 · CIFAR-10accuracy: 94.31 -> 95.39Helped
Increase the number of projections from J=1 to J=4 (ablation)PCNN with WRN-22, i=64 · CIFAR-100accuracy: 76.93 -> 78.13Helped
Use two projections instead of one (ablation)PCNN with ResNet18 and 32-bit activations · ImageNetTop-1 accuracy: 63.5$^{\dag}$ -> 66.1$^{\ddag}$Helped
Use two projections instead of one (ablation)PCNN with ResNet18 and 32-bit activations · ImageNetTop-5 accuracy: 85.1$^{\dag}$ -> 86.7$^{\ddag}$Helped
Set lambda to 1e-4 rather than 1e-3, 1e-5, or 0 (ablation)PCNN-22 with WRN-22 · CIFAR-10accuracy: 91.92, 92.79, 92.24, 91.52Helped
Set lambda to 1e-4 rather than 1e-3, 1e-5, or 0 (ablation)PCNN-40 with WRN-40 · CIFAR-10accuracy: 92.85, 93.78, 93.65, 92.84Helped
Add projection loss with lambda=1e-4 instead of omitting it (ablation)PCNN-22 · CIFAR-10accuracy: 91.52 -> 92.79Helped
Add projection loss with lambda=1e-4 instead of omitting it (ablation)PCNN-40 · CIFAR-10accuracy: 92.84 -> 93.78Helped
Binarize activations as well as weights (ablation)PCNN with ResNet18 and J=1 · ImageNetTop-1 accuracyHurt
Binarize activations as well as weights (ablation)PCNN with ResNet18 and J=1 · ImageNetTop-5 accuracyHurt

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