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Safe Reinforcement Learning via Shielding

AAAI 2018 · Reinforcement learning › Policy gradient and actor-critic · approach: Safety layers and shielding · 687 citations (OpenAlex)

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Measured effects reported in the paper

What was changedWhereMeasuredEffect
Add post-posed shielding with action ranking of size 3 and no penalty for corrected actions (ablation)Q-learning · 15x9 grid worldaverage rewardHelped
Use action ranking of size 1 instead of size 3 (ablation)Post-posed shielding with Q-learning · 15x9 grid worldaverage rewardHurt
Add penalties for corrected actions instead of using no penalty (ablation)Post-posed shielding with Q-learning · 15x9 grid worldaverage rewardHurt
Add post-posed shielding with action ranking of size 3 and penalties for corrected actionsQ-learning · 9x9 grid worldlearning speedHelped
Use unshielded Q-learning with large penalties for unsafe actions instead of shielding (ablation)Q-learning · 9x9 grid worldmaximum rewardHurt
Add shielding without punishmentDeep Q-Network with Boltzmann exploration · Self-driving carlearning speedHelped
Add shielding without punishmentDeep Q-Network with Boltzmann exploration · Self-driving carcrashesHelped
Add shielding enforcing the two safety propertiesDeep reinforcement learning agent · SeaquestperformanceNo clear effect
Add shielding enforcing the two safety propertiesDeep reinforcement learning agent · Seaquestsafety violationsHelped
Add post-posed shieldingQ-learning and SARSA · Water tanktime to optimal policyHelped
Add shieldingTabular Q-learning · 9x9 and 15x9 grid worldsnegative rewardsHelped
Add shieldingTabular Q-learning · 9x9 and 15x9 grid worldslearning speedHelped

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